Burrell: 'I wanted to carry on playing'
Warning: This piece includes details of discriminatory comments and conduct
Ex-England centre Luther Burrell claims that going public to expose racial discrimination in professional rugby led his career to an early conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
At that time 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what occurred," he told media outlets.
"I wanted to carry on competing, of course I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when word came out that there were inquiries going on.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply accept the outcome and accept that this entire situation is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization report in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not gather enough evidence to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told journalists he also faced prejudice within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 caps after his first game in 2014.
"I have had several distressing experiences within the national team," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the problem that I've myself suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just learn to think that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was eventually spurred to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the introduction of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has given significant attention on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a substantial amount of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and shared his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"We are continuing work with teams and partners in the professional game to strive for a environment of inclusivity but acknowledge this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
Every Prem and women's rugby club now has face-to-face training on building welcoming cultures, with its success monitored via individual reports and feedback.
All England players, including youth squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to intervene and defend others from harmful conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"We know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have achieved so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff died soon after the filming of the film, and his sister died recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the sport more open.
His 12 Foundation aims to connect with children in under-served communities and support them thrive both on the field with complimentary sports training, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My motivations are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the game and if nobody else is willing to share their experience then I'll continue to advocate for that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he explained.
"Everyone involved have an responsibility to make the game as great as it can be and the longer I talk about it perhaps the more comfortable fellow players will become about discussing their own experiences as well.
"I grab the bull by the horns and continue bearing this flag and continue supporting this responsibility and accomplish what I can to develop possibilities and make the game more appealing and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely think that rugby has the ability to change their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in late 2022